Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Bassetti, M. (2018)
According
to Suyono, J., Mudjanarko, S. W., (2017), Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory was
developed by Abraham Harold Maslow in 1943. This has five levels of needs, and
when a level of need is met, people are no longer motivated by the need.
Furthermore, they will try to meet the needs of the next level.
Ø Physiological
Needs
These
are the basic needs required for human survival. According to Suyono, J.,
Mudjanarko, S. W., (2017), the employee must be paid a decent salary where he/she should be able to full fill the basic needs of the loved ones too. Hartzell,
S., (2012) explains that managers of the organization are accountable for
providing comfortable working conditions, reasonable work hours and necessary
breaks to use the bathroom and to have their meals.
Ø Safety
and Security Needs
These
are the needs as protection from danger, being confident, and not feeling fear
(Daft, 2013). Provide job descriptions that are well. Providing
details on the company's financial situation, Reducing the amount of
negative stroking, and adhering to the safety and regulations are
some of the ways that the organization can full fill the safety and security
needs of the employees (FMLINK, 2000).
Ø Love
and belonging Needs
Once
the physiological and safety needs are met, the third level need that
arises is the social need, which includes feelings of belonging. People have an
emotional need for interpersonal interactions, affiliating, connectedness, and
belonging to a group, which is referred to as belongingness. Organizations
should promote the team concept. Sponsor office business and social
gatherings. Building close personal leadership, motivating participation in
professional and community groups, and compensation should be the basis of total
team performance. (McLeod, S. 2007).
Ø Self-esteem
Needs
The
fourth level is self-esteem, this is where employees believe that
they are valued by their organization and appreciated by their colleagues. (Mira,
M. S.,Choon, Y. V.,Thim, C. K., 2019). To improve the Self-esteem of employees
the organizations can provide challenging jobs with opportunities for career
growth that will match their skills and abilities, delegate responsibilities, and empowerment for decision making. Also, initiate positive reinforcement
programs, and provide recognition and rewards. (Channell, M., n.d).
Ø Self-Actualization
Needs
Self-actualization,
according to Abraham Maslow, refers to maximizing one's potential in any field
in which one wishes to achieve excellence. (McLeod, 2020). Employees'
self-actualization requirements can be met by holding regular talent planning
meetings with HR and managers, conducting career development
discussions with employees, and providing options such as a fast-track
management program.
Employees'
self-actualization requirements can be met if the organization holds regular
talent planning meetings with human resources and managers, and has career development
discussions with employees (Techfunnel, 2021).
Advantages of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Ø According
to Pt, W., Low, A., (2018), Maslow’s hierarchy is a very useful tool, and it's
useful in preparing a motivational framework for the Generation-Y workers to
perform enthusiastically, as Generation Y gives more importance to work-life
balance than a luxury.
Ø Parikh,
V., (2018) says that the most significant benefit of Maslow's theory of
motivation is that it is fairly simple to understand and even the line managers
can relate to it because we all go through one or more stages of the requirements
pyramid during our work life.
Ø According
to the research, this model is very useful among information technology
professionals, as it demonstrates that money itself is not a sufficient
motivator for IT professionals, and their motivation can be greatly improved by
providing the self-esteem they need. Santosus, M., (2004) cited in Pt, W., Low,
A., (2018).
Limitations of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Ø According to Redmond, B. F., (2016) Because this theory was developed by American theorists and all research was conducted by Americans, elements such as esteem needs and self-actualization are forced to conform to their norm. Self-esteem needs and self-actualization needs have different meanings across different cultures.
Ø Kiviniemi, J., Leppanen, M., (2012) says that if an individual is frustrated at a specific level in Maslow's five-leveled model, he or she will stay there until the need is met. Only once it has been fulfilled is a person allowed to advance to the next level of the hierarchy, and this does not have enough evidence to prove it.
Ø A
main limitation of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is that it considers that
everyone has the same drivers, and it does not take account of individual
differences. Bishop, J., (2016).
References
Bishop, J., (2016). Research gate - An analysis of the implications of Maslow's
Hierarchy of Needs for networked learning design and delivery [online].
Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307533183_An_analysis_of_the_implications_of_Maslow's_Hierarchy_of_Needs_for_networked_learning_design_and_delivery.
[Accessed 16 April 2022]
Channell, M., (N.D) Leadership - Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: An In-Depth Guide for Leaders and Managers
[online]. Available at: https://www.tsw.co.uk/blog/leadership-and-management/maslows-hierarchy-of-needs/.
[Accessed 14 April 2022].
Daft, R. L., (2013). Organization
Theory&Design,- USA:
South-Western College Publishing.
FMLink. (2000). Motivating Employees Through Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. [online]
Available at: https://www.fmlink.com/articles/motivating-employees-through-maslows-hierarchy-of-needs.
[Accessed 14 April 2022].
Hartzell, S., (2012). Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
theory - The Needs Theory: Motivating
Employees with Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs [online]. Available at https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-needs-theory-motivating-employees-with-maslows-hierarchy-of-needs.html.
[Accessed on 14 April 2022].
Maslow, A.H. (1943) cited in Suyono, J., ),
Mudjanarko, S. W., (2017). Research gate - Motivation
Engineering to Employee by Employees Abraham Maslow Theory [online].
Available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319567427_Motivation_Engineering_to_Employee_by_Employees_Abraham_Maslow_Theory
[Accessed 14 April 2022].
McLeod, S., (2020). Simplypsychology.org.-Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. [online]
Available at: https://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html#gsc.tab=0. [Accessed
14 April 2022].
McLeod, S., (2007). Simplypsychology- Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. [online].
Available at: https://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html.
[Accessed on14 April 2022]
Mira, M. S.,Choon, Y. V.,Thim, C. K., 2019. The Impact of Human Resource Practices on
Employees' Performance through Job Satisfaction at Saudi Ports Authority Based
on the Assumption of Maslow Theory: Volume 8 [online]. Available at: https://www.ijeat.org/wp-content/uploads/papers/v8i5C/E10370585C19.pdf.
[Accessed on 14 April 2022].
Parikh, V., (2018).
Advantages and Disadvantages of
Maslow Theory of Motivation. [online]. Available at: https://www.letslearnfinance.com/advantages-disadvantages-maslow-theory-motivation.html.
[Accessed 16 April 2022].
Pt, W., Low, A., (2018). Researchgate- Improving Workplace Productivity:
Applications of Maslow's Need Theory and Locke's Goal-Setting – [online].
Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329732901_Improving_Workplace_Productivity_Applications_of_Maslow's_Need_Theory_and_Locke's_Goal-Setting.
[Accessed 16 April 2022].
Santosus, M., (2004) cited in Pt, W., Low, A., (2018).
Improving Workplace Productivity:
Applications of Maslow's Need Theory and Locke's Goal-Setting [online].
Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329732901_Improving_Workplace_Productivity_Applications_of_Maslow's_Need_Theory_and_Locke's_Goal-Setting.
[Accessed 16 April 2022].
Techfunnel. (2021)
HR-Tech - 5 Tips to Apply Maslow’s
Hierarchy of Needs in the Workplace [online]. Available at: https://www.techfunnel.com/hr-tech/maslows-hierarchy-workplace/.
[Accessed 16 April 2022].
Yes Shalini, Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs helps us understand motivation, goal achievement, and personal fulfillment (McLeod, 2007). There is only so much we can do as learning professionals to meet physiological needs, but we can and should be aware of them and their impact on motivation. This awareness should, in turn, lead to comprehension and empathy.
ReplyDeleteHi Chamara,
DeleteAlthough later research does not fully support all of Maslow’s theory, his research has impacted other psychologists and contributed to the field of positive psychology (Hopper, 2020).
Hi Shalini I agree with your clear and descriptive post. Jerome, N. (2013) has stated that for organisations that seek to obtain success and excellence application of Maslow’s theory is paramount and that if they do not consider the application of the theory it will affect negatively to the organizational culture, human resource management, employee performance, achieving organizational excellence, create good atmosphere and better work environment and achieving targets at the right time.
ReplyDeleteHi Nilushi, and also Maslow’s theory of motivation theory is very simple, common and easily understandable by any level of the management (Kammar, 2016)
DeleteHI Shalini. To further relate the theory to organizations, employees' self-esteem and self-actualization requirements should be met through culture and human resource management practices. When employees see how much their company cares about their personal growth
ReplyDeleteemployees will give their all to the organization's service because of their status (Storey,1992).
Hi Ashanthi,
DeleteAgreed with your comment. The highest level in Maslow's hierarchy, and refer to the realization of a person's potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences (McLeod, 2022)
Agreed with you Shalini , The Hierarchy of Requirements, developed by Abraham Maslow, asserts that people's activities are motivated by physiological demands, which are represented by a pyramid of needs, with the most basic needs at the bottom and more complicated needs at the top (Cherry, K. 2022).
ReplyDeleteHi Masheshani, Yes, a person can only move on to addressing the higher-level needs when their basic needs are adequately fulfilled (Voss, et. al. (2020)
DeleteHello Shalini, I agreed with your comment. The aforementioned theory may be applied to the roles of organizational cultural and human resource management in improving employee’s performance despite some criticism or limitations of the theory. While some research has shown support for Maslow’s theory, others have not been able to substantiate the idea of a
ReplyDeleteneeds hierarchy that is considered to be influenced by Western culture, and thus cannot apply to all scenarios (Richord 2000)